Historical background and development of the nigeria press in the political arena the historical background and development of the nigerian press commenced with the printing media on 3 rd december 1859 by a christian missionary named reverend henry townsend who established the first newspaper in nigeria called iwe iroyin fun awon egba ati. The history of elections in nigeria at the presidential level has shown that incumbent presidents always. First, the spread of islam, predominantly in the north but later in southwestern nigeria as well, began a millennium ago. Ethnic and religious clashes have continued in africas most densely populated nation. Nigeria became a federal republic, modelling its federal. Nigerias 2015 presidential election has been a landmark in the countrys political history. Dec 30, 2019 the use of card reader in the anambra state gubernatorial election was a critical component for ensuring free and fair election. A history of nigeria by toyin falola cambridge core. This book by falola and heaton, two experienced and now famed collaborators, is a remarkable new addition to the growing library on a general history of nigeria.
Then came the 1993 elections in history of elections in nigeria, the l99 elections is seen as the most free and fair elections ever conducted in nigeria general ibrahim babangida, who overthrew the general buharis government, organized an inconclusive transition that was perceived in some quarters to deny a yoruba, chief m. The plethora of cases emanating from the 2015 elections demands for total electronic voting system as the only panacea for credible, free and fair election in nigeria. Election rigging and the problems of electoral act in nigeria ayo awopeju department of political science, joseph ayo babalola university, ikejiarakeji, osun state, nigeria abstract the paper grappled with the election rigging and the flaws inherent in nigerian electoral act. The federal electoral commission fedeco, established in 1960 conducted the immediate postindependence federal and regional elections of 1964 and 1965. The election follows controversy as to whether a muslim or christian should be allowed to become president given the tradition of rotating the top.
Nigeria is a country which has the highest population in africa continent. History and development of political parties in nigeria. By doing so, the king acknowledged he was bound by law, like others, and granted his subjects legal rights. Nigerias 2019 elections united states institute of peace. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. This post is about the governmental and political history of nigeria. What can be done to develop a democracy free of bribery. Nigerias military ruled the country for nearly 30 of 40 yrs of independence. Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic on jstor. Pdf an overview of 2015 general elections in nigeria. Click on the button below to download the complete nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf file 120 pages.
Final year research project topics, ideas and materials in pdf, doc download for free. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc. Badamasi babangida however took over this time around and he was military president till 1993 when he stepped aside after nullifying the fairest and freest election in nigeria s history. In 1959, there were three political parties in the country and they include the following. The card readers and election credibility in nigeria. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. A brief history of general elections in nigeria 1999 to 2019 since 1999, when chief olusegun obasanjo became the first substantive democraticallyelected president, there have been five general elections. Akinleye elections and ethnic violence in cote divoire. Nigeria, sudan and rwanda in african development by r. In september, the first election took place in lagos and calabar. The history of political parties in nigeria began when the first political party in nigeria was established in 1959, the year before nigeria gained her independence from great britain. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident.
Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria paper presented by mrs. Download nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf. Elections in nigeria can be traced to as far back as the year 1923 when the country faced first. Nigerian democratic process has endured a cheaqured history is irrefutable, as research has shown.
Many of the first republic politicians were not corrupt since the majority of them came into politics with ideologies and principles. Finally, arising from the perceived apathy between the elect. A parliamentary election was held in nigeria on 9 april 2011. The election was originally scheduled to be held on 2 april, but was later postponed to 4 april.
The independent national electoral commission inec was established by the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of nigeria to among other things organize elections into various political offices in. Abiola the supposed winner to emerge as a president by the. Virtually all the elections conducted in the history of nigerian politics have been characterised by one form. These reports are run by state, every two years, and are available for elections from 1982 to 2016. Vote buying in nigeria an assessment of the 2007 general elections. Here is a list of all the electoral commissions in. An introduction to african politics, this course will provide for its participants a general survey of the main issues. Interactive computermediated technologies became an integral part of our life. He has a truly national mandate which is overwhelming. Breaking the cycle of electoral violence in nigeria. The federal election commission releases the official results of federal elections. Nigeria current affairs questions and answers pdf free. It was the first time in the history of nigeria that an incumbent president lost an election. Nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf.
Subsequent elections in nigeria have not been spared violence and petitions in some cases. However, the history of elections in nigeria has been characterized by threats to statehood based on the manipulation of ethnicity as divisive mechanism for the. National council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. Updated current affairs and general knowledge about nigeria. Lack of probity, accountability, transparency and trust on the part of government has been responsible for the poor turnouts in elections. The military government was headed by muhammadu buhari. As the 2019 contests approach, the risk of disturbances is particularly high in six states. Similarly, the paper proposes solutions to some of the problems encountered in countries where evoting had been adopted. An appraisal of precipitating factors in nigeria olayiwola victor ojo m sc political science, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria abstract nigerias electoral politics from independence has been tumultuous.
Pdf this paper examines election rigging and its effect on democratic consolidation in nigeria. Election, the formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting. According to inec, nigerias electoral body, 68, 833, 476 nigerians will be eligible to vote in the 2015 general elections this day, 2015 from proposal. These modifications addressed flaws in the framework that governed the 2007 polls and incorporated many recommendations proposed. The 1999 elections, which brought a retired general, olusegun. This was the year nigeria broke all ties from the british government. The 2007 median price of a payment for the actual vote in nigeria was 2,250 naira, largely because the proportion of large payments the same figures recorded during the period leading to the 2011.
Elections in nigeria can be traced to as far back as the year 1923 when the country faced first general elections ever. Instead of having a ceremonial president and a prime minister, like it happens in britain, nigeria decided to elect a president who would oversee the affairs of the country. This newly formed country would go on to become a republic three years down the line on 1, october, 1963. However, for elections to be termed democratic, it must be free and fair. This research work, election rigging and political instability in nigeria fourth republic, is aimed at examining the occurring phenomenon at election rigging in the political development of nigeria with special focus on its disastrous consequences to democracy.
A presidential election was held in nigeria on 16 april 2011, postponed from 9 april 2011. The federal electoral commission fedeco, established in. Elections in nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the nigerian federal government. The history of elections in nigeria dates back 1922 with the introduction of cliffords constitution. Nigerias 2011 polls will mark the fourth multiparty election in nigeria and, if a power. As the campaign for the federal election heated up during the second half of 1964, all of the energy of nigerian politics was sucked into the vortex of ethnoregional conflict. Nigerian elections are highstakes affairs often marred by street clashes and worse. As the fifth round of elections since the restoration of constitutional rule in 1999, it not only resulted in an alternation of power for the first time in the democratic history of africas largest democracy, but. Electoral politics in the fourth republic of nigerias democratic. On 1, october 1960, nigeria, after several years of british colonial rule, became an independent nation. You can find the results of past federal elections from several government sources.
Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Nov 25, 2015 on this page you can read or download history of secondary schools in nigeria in pdf format. Download nigeria current affairs questions and answers pdf inside this nigeria current affairs questions and answers are all the 2019 current affairs questions and answers for the nigerian history since 1960 arranged according to categories general topics, people and culture, government structure, history, acronyms, world. Nigeria adopted a new legal framework for the 2011 elections following amendments to the electoral act and constitution in late 2010 and early 2011. Problems and prospects of the evoting option idike, adeline nnenna, a. Nigeria s election below the minimum democracy standard. Oloyede oluyemi national bureau of statistics nbs, abuja, nigeria abstract nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria a thesis presented to the faculty of the u. History of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. Nigeria in need of electronic voting system vanguard news. The electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Full details about the electoral commissions in nigeria.
The government and its foreign partners can limit campaignrelated violence by enhancing security and promoting dialogue among rivals. The first recorded electoral violence in post colonial nigeria occurred in 1964. However, it was first introduced during the 2015 presidential election and had a public outcry as well as generated debates among party stakeholders before and after the election. History of general elections in nigeria from 1999 till.
Since independence, nigeria has been desirous of a credible voting system because of the irregularities that trailed previous elections. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation in. The independent national electoral commission inec, set up in 1998, is the electoral body which oversees elections in nigeria. Not many people know about the first general election in nigeria that happened 96 years ago. Corruption in nigeria has been a prevalent issue for decades. Election rigging and the problems of electoral act in nigeria. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation. Pdf the attention of the global community will be on nigeria because it is another electioneering period. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Profiting from the weaknesses and strengths of its predecessors, it treats not only nigerian politics, administration and economy but focuses also on culture and social history. The historic june 12, 1993 election believed to have been won by late business mogul, mko abiola was considered by many observers as the freest and fairest election in nigeria s political history. Several electoral bodies have been set up after fec to conduct elections in nigeria. The nigerian electoral process in perspective elections under colonial rule before independence in 1960, nigeria, which existed as an amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates since 1914, had already witnessed three different elections.
Election plurality and majority systems britannica. Mar 31, 2015 muhammadu buhari took a significant lead over the nigerian president, goodluck jonathan, on monday night with half of the results declared in a fiercely contested general election. In a country trying to deepen democracy after a long history. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. In 1215, english nobles pressured king john of england to sign a document known as the magna carta, a key step on the road to constitutional democracy. Apr 26, 2018 history of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. Nigeria is a nation of vast human and natural resource potential that has experienced. In view of this, the thrust of this paper is a reflection on the tides of electoral violence and the attendant precipitating factors that make free and fair election pretty difficult in nigeria.
Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. Here is a list of all the electoral commissions in nigeria, their active years, chairmen and as. The history of the electoral commissions bodies in nigeria can be traced back to the establishment of the first postindependence electoral commission in nigeria, the federal electoral commission fec, in 1960. Nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country.
Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. It is important to distinguish between the form and the substance of elections. He however did not last long as he was ousted out of office via another military coup. Nigerias history of electoral violence is, for many, an unfortunately accepted fact of life. Nigerian history is a very interesting one that every organization or school will want their employee of students to know about. However, the implication of nigeria s electoral history for the enthronement of a democratic order is yet to be exhaustively explored. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 2, fall 2012 political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Historic tensions between north and south and between the igbos and their ethnic rivals now reasserted themselves with a vengeance. Elections in nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the nigerian federal government and the various states in the fourth republic nigeria. However, in 1999, nigeria made a transition to civilian rule. Nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf free. Right from the preindependence era, elections in nigeria have been characterized by. Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic is a book about nigerian politics. Although the years since nigerias return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria.
In some cases, electoral forms are present but the substance of an election is. Nigerias april elections may have broken somewhat its cycle of deeply flawed polls, but the country still must meet many and daunting challenges to ensure a stable and democratic future. Independent national electoral commission wikipedia. This election will go down in history as the elections that have finally put nigeria on an inexorable path of democracy and development, unity and cohesion. The high level of success of nigeria s 2015 general elections was unexpected, considering the difficult political and security environment in which the elections were conducted.
Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. April 2011 elections, it became imperative to do a study on the nature, causes, dimensions and consequences of voter apathy, with a view to being adequately informed in designing future strategies to tackle its challenges in the nigerian context. Out of these five elections, the first four elections were, expectedly, won by the peoples democratic party pdp, which, during this. For one, nigeria changed from the british system of government to the american system of government. The origin of the inec goes back to the period before independence when the electoral commission of nigeria was established to conduct 1959 elections. Kindly drop your comment here in case of any heads up, questions or contributions. The plurality system is the simplest means of determining the outcome of an election. The independent national electoral commission inec was established by the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of nigeria to among other things organize elections into various political offices in the country. How did this facility grow up from a small service into a giant system, providing people with an opportunity to communicate and share information. The theoretical framework for the study is cultural relativism. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria, by maj fredrick c. Historical background several dominant themes in nigerian history are essential for understanding contemporary nigerian politics and society.
The political and governmental history of nigeria nigerian. Project topics on governorship elections in anambra state. Nov 23, 2015 on this page you can read or download history of education in nigeria pdf in pdf format. However, the election was infamously annulled by the military dictator, general ibrahim babangida. Army command and general staff college in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree master of military art and science general studies by fredrick c. In the western region, violent political conflicts, popularly referred to as operation wet. Throughout the long years of colonial and military rule in nigeria, democratic aspira tion has.